Steam-turbine regulation.



J. 1:". M. PATITZ. STEAM TURBINE REGULATION.

JAPPLIOATION FILED 0()T.19 1903.

THE NORRIS PETERS 60-. WASHINGTON, b. c.

PATENTED AUG. 13, 1907.

3 SHEBTS-SHEET 1.

No. 863,210. PATBNTED AUG. 13, 1.907.

J. PQM. PATITZ. STEAM TURBINE REGULATION.

APPLIUAI'ION FILED OCT. 19, 1903.

No. 863.210. T PATENTEDAUG. 13, 1907.

J. F. M. PATITZ. STEAM TURBINE REGULATION.

APPLICATION FILED 001219, 1903.

' a SHEETS-SHEET s.

WITNESSES 7Q? INVENTUR:

ERS co.. WASHINGTON, D. \2

MW BY wad ATTORNEY UNITED STATES .IOHANN FRIEDRICH MAX PATITZ, OF

OHALMERS COMPANY, OF JERSEY.

PATENT OFFICE.

A CORPORATION OF NEW STEAM-TURBINEE RE GULATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 19, 1903. Serial NO- 177,660.

Patented Aug. 30, 1907.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, .IOI-IANN FRIEDRICH MAX Pxrrrz, a citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented a new and useful Steam-Turbine Regulation, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to steam-turbine regulation.

It has been found in steam turbine practice that regulation of the steam admission in accordance with the varying load is more effectual for maintaining a constant speed when effected directly at the wheel than when it is done by throttling in the main admission pipe. If throttling regulation is resorted to, the steam pressure is initially varied with every change of load, and consequently the pressure in each wheel chamber will also vary. The work lost in free expansion by such throttling will be only partially recovered in the turbine, a large portion passing off to the exhaust. It is more economical to maintain constant the initial pressure and the pressure in each of the steam chambers for the varying loads, and to accomplish regulation of speed by varying the quantity of steam admitted to the turbine wheels instead of varying the pressures. In order to accomplish this, it is necessary to devise means whereby the cross section of the guide orifices, by which the steam is admitted to the turbine wheels, is increased or dimin ished to regulate the quantity of steam admitted.

The object of the invention is to maintain a high efliciency in the steam turbine at diiferentloads and to effectually maintain a constant speed. These objects are accomplished by simultaneously regulating the sets of steam passages at the several points along the turbine and along the steam expansion therein so as to maintain the same pressure at any stage of the expansion at part load as at full load. When the turbine is a single stage machine, as well as when a multiple stage machine, the regulation is in detail accomplished by simultaneously varying the cross section of the passages admitting steam to a wheel, and varying the crosssection in such a way that the size of each passage will be varied throughout its entire extent.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a transverse section of a turbine on the plane :0 x of Fig. 2, a wheel being broken away. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section on the line 3 y of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a face view of the regulating or valve ring. Fig. 4 is a side view of said ring partly in section. Fig. 5 is an enlarged transverse section of portions of a nozzle ring and a valve ring. Fig. 6 is an outside view of the turbine shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a part of the casing being broken away, in order to show the operating means for regulation; Fig. 7 is a transverse section of an axial flow turbine showing the invention applied thereto. Fig. 8 is a broken sectional plan onthe line 2 2 Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is an enlarged broken section showing views of the steam nozzle rings and valve rings in the axial flow turbine. Fig. 10 is a section on the line It a Fig. 9.

Figs. 1 to 6 show the invention as applied to a radial flow turbine. The casing 1 has heads connected thereto forming therewith inlet steam chamber 2 and exhaust chamber 3. The inlet steam chamber 2 and a series of similar steam chambers are annular and are bounded radially by the outer wall 4 and the inner wall, port ring, or nozzle ring 5. These steam chambers are separated from each other by the annular partitions 6. The inner wall or port ring or nozzle ring 5 is provided with a series of orifices or nozzle apertures 7 for each compartment, which orifices extend inwardly at an angle to give the proper direction to the entering steam jets in respect to the turbine vanes. These orifices or nozzle'apertures lead to wheel chambers formed between the partitions 9, 9, in the casing. The turbine wheels are mounted on a common shaft S, suitable bearings being provided in the casing for said shaft, and the wheels being spaced to rotate in these wheel chambers. The wheel chambers communicate with the next succeeding steam chambers respectively by passages 11, formed by spacing an annular portion 12 from the partitions 9 by means of radial ribs on the partitions and in the wheel chambers, uniting the partitions 9 and the annular portions 12 severally into one piece structures. Strengthening ribs are also formed on the opposite sides of the partitions 9.

In order to regulate the amount of steam which is admitted to the orifices or nozzle apertures 7, a valve or governing ring 13 shown in detail in Figs. 3, 4 and 5, surrounds the inner wall or nozzle ring 5. This valve ring fits loosely a recess cut in the inner wall or nozzle ring 5. This valve ring or governing ring is of angular cross section, there being a radial portion and a longitudinal flange, portions of the latter being cut away as best shown in Figs. 4 and 5. These cut-away portions are circumferentially longer than and register with the orifices 7. At one circumferential end of each cutaway portion, the longitudinal flange is directed outwardly from the orifice 7 in the direction of the adjacent slant wall of the orifice 7, see Fig. 5. To this outwardly extending portion of the flange is attached a regulating plate 14 extending inwardly into the nozzle apertiu'e or orifice 7, and forming an adjustable nozzle wall.

The ring 13 is supported, see Fig. 1, on rollers 15 extends beyond plates 21 and fits into mounted in the casing and bearing on lugs 16 formed on the ring. This decreases the resistance to movement of the ring. The valve or regulating rings 13 are all mounted to be simultaneously moved by a rock shaft 17, see Figs. 3 and (i, mounted in the casing and carrying rock arms 18, connected by links 19 to lugs on the rings 13. This rock shaft may be operated either by hand or by a governor, by means of the rock arm and rod shown in Fig. 6.

The operation of the machine as thus far described is as follows: Steam admitted into the chamber 2 passes through the first set of orifices or nozzle apertures the vanes of the first wheel, and, expending a part of its energy, then passes from the wheel chamber through the passage 11 into the next succeeding steam chamber. The action of the steam is then repeated as to the succeeding wheels until the exhaust chamber 3 is reached which is or may not be connected with a condenser.

The rock shaft 17 may actuate the valve rings 13 so that the regulating plates move nearer to the opposite walls of the nozzle apertures, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 5. The cross sectional area or the size of the nozzle apertures will thus be simultaneously decreased and less steam will be admitted to the turbine. The size of each nozzle aperture will be decreased throughout its entire extent. The quantity of steam admitted may be very accurately regulated by these means. The pressure in a given chamber may remain constant for different loads.

Figs. 7 to 10 inclusive show the invention applied to a longitudinal fiow turbine. The steam orifices in this case are arranged to direct the steam between the vanes from the side of the wheel. The regulating rings 20 are therefore somewhat differently constructed, the radial portion 24 thereof being cut away instead 01 the longitudinal llange, as shown in Fig. 9. At one circumferential end of each cut-away portion, the radial portion 24 of ring 20 is directed outwardly from the orifice 7 in the direction of the adjacent slant wall oi the orifice 7. To this outwardly extending portion or the radial portion 24 of ring 20 is attached a regulating plate 21 extending into the nozzle aperture or orifice 7 and forming an adjustable nozzle wall. The radial portion 24 of ring 20 a groove on the inside or a ring 22 fitting circumferentially about the partitions 23 of the turbine and forming the nozzle ring therewith. The ring 22 is made in halves for ease in assembling. The valve rings or regulating rings are operated by a rock shaft and arms as in the other modification.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent 1 1. In a turbine, the combination of a nozzle ring provided with nozzle apertures, of a valve ring encircling the nozzle ring and provided with apertures adapted to register with the nozzle apertures, and projections extending inwardly from the valve ring into each nozzle aperture and constituting one wall of the nozzle.

2. In a turbine, the combination of a nozzle ring provided with nozzle apertures, a valve ring encircling the nozzle ring and having projections extending inwardly into the nozzle apertures.

S. In a steam turbine, a casing more steam chambers, orifices leading chambers to the turbine wheels, a ring surrounding provided with one or from said steam the orifices of each chamber, and devices for regulating the cross sectional area of said orifices, mounted on the ring *l. In a steam turbine, a casing provided with one or more steam chambers, orifices leading from said steam chambers to the turbine wheels, a ring surrounding said orifices and guided on the casing, and devices for regulating the cross sectional area of said orifices, mounted on the ring.

5. In a steam turbine, a casing provided with one or more steam chambers, orifices leading from said steam chambers to the turbine wheels, a ring surrounding the orifices of each chamber, spaces in the ring corresponding to the orifices, and regulating plates mounted in the ring spaces and extending into the orifices. 1

6. In a steam turbine, a casing provided with one or more steam chambers, orifices leading from said steam chambers to the turbine wheels, a ring surrounding said orifices. devices for regulating the cross sectional area of said orifices, mounted on the ring, and friction rollers mounted in the casing for supporting the ring.

7. In a turbine, the combination forming nozzles, of a wall provided with nozzle apertures, a valve ring having apertures adapted to register with the nozzle apertures, and inwardly and outwardly extending projections at one side of each of the valve ring apertures, each nozzle aperture having an inclined face forming one wall of a nozzle, the opposite wall of the nozzle being a face of the in wardly extending valve ring projection.

S. In a steam turbine, the combination of a casing provided with a steam chamber and a wheel chamber, a wheel in the wheel chamber, a wall separating the chamber and having nozzle apertures therethrough directed on the wheel, and regulating means for simultaneously varying the size of the nozzle apertures throughout the entire extent of each nozzle aperture.

9. The combination in a steam turbine, of a casing, a plurality of steam chambers therein, a plurality of wheel chambers in the casing, wheels in the wheel chambers, a series or nozzle apertures or orifices formed in the wall between each steam chamber and its corresponding wheel chamber, and directed on one of the wheels, and means for simultaneously varying the cross sectional area of all of the nozzle apertures.

10. In a turbine, the combination of a rotor, an annular series of vanes carried thereby, a port ring surrounding the outer periphery of said annular series of vanes and provided with a plurality of admission ports, a governing ring adjustably mounted on said port ring and provided with a controlling aperture for each of said admission ports, and supporting rollers for said governing ring, substantially as described.

11. In a turbine, a nozzle ring having-a cylindrical surface and provided with nozzle apertures, and a valve ring concentric with the nozzle ring, and anti-friction devices supporting the valve ring out of binding frictional contact with the nozzle ring.

12. In a turbine, a nozzle ring having a cylindrical surface and provided with nozzle apertures, a valve ring concentric with the nozzle ring and provided with ports for the delivery of motive fluid to the nozzle apertures, and a set of rollers arranged annular-1y and supporting the valve ring independently of the nozzle ring.

13. In a turbine, a valve ring apertured for the delivery of motive fluid, and a set of rollers disposed annularly about the valve ring and arranged to support such ring.

11. The combination in a steam turbine regulation, of a casing provided with a steam chamber and a wheel chamber, a wheel in the wheel chamber, a wall separating the chambers and having a series ot'nozzle apertures therethrough directed on the wheel, and means for simultaneously varying the cross sectional area of all of the nozzle.

apertures.

15. The combination in a steam turbine regulation, of a casing provided with a steam chamber and a wheel chamber, a wheel in the wheel chamber, a Wall separating the chambers and having a series of nozzle apertures therethrough directed on the wheel, and means for simultaneously varying the quantity of steam passing through all of the nozzle apertures while maintaining constant the angle of delivery of steam to the wheel.

1G. The combination in a steam turbine, of a casing, a plurality 01' steam chambers therein, a plurality of wheel chambers in the casing, wheels in the wheel chambers, 21 series of nozzle apertures 01' orifices formed in the wall between each steam chamber and its corresponding wheel chamber and directed on one of the wheels, and means for simultaneously varying the quantity of steam passing 10 through all of the apertures while maintaining constant the direction of discharge to the wheel from the apertures. In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

J OHANN FRIEDRICH MAX PATITZ. Witnesses G. SCHULsn PILLOT, C. G. SPRADO.

Correction in Letters Patent No. 863,210.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 863,210, granted August 13, 1907, upon the application of Johann Friedrich Max Patitz, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin,

for an improvement in Steam-Turbine Regulation, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 1, in heading to specification,

date of issue, forAug. 30, 1907 read Aug. 13, 1907; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 14th day of October, A. D., 1913.

' [SEAL] R. T. FRAZIER,

Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

